Summarize the key points of the article regarding the early forms of education, the establishment of public schools, and the evolution of their processes.
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED606970.pdf
Article Critique should look like the sample below:
https://jsums.instructure.com/courses/2321135/files/124166530?wrap=1
Summary Paper Guidelines
- Your paper should be submitted online through CANVAS
- Your paper should be APA format typed, double-spaced, and spell-checked with minimal grammatical errors.
- No extra space between paragraphs
- Indent each paragraph
- Your paper must be at least 1-2 pages in length (Title Page and Reference Page does not count as your 2 pages of content)
- Complete in Microsoft Word
- Add you name, date, course number and assignment name to your document
- Give your paper structure with an opening paragraph, main body, and conclusion.
- The opening paragraph may be brief, about 4 to 5 sentences, but it should offer some overall statement of your perspective based on what you’ve learned
- Include in-text references and a reference page for any materials you cite using APA citation formatting.
2
Journal Article Critique: The Challenges Facing Beginning Teachers
John Ford
Department of Elementary and Early Childhood Education
Jackson State University
EDCI 100: Introduction to Education
Janet Wallace, Ed.S.
October 13, 2022
Journal Article Critique: The Challenges Facing Beginning Teachers
This chapter focuses on how to make new teachers become more effective in the school environment. New teachers have a challenging experience during their first three years of teaching. Induction programs help to not only to survive but thrive through these challenges they face. The chapter highlights reasons for teaching such as having a strong passion to educate students, enjoying the subject that they teach, impacting students, and understanding teaching is key to success for educators. The first three years is the period where teachers are most likely to leave, and urban schools have the most difficulty recruiting and keeping qualified teachers. Therefore, induction programs are very important for new teachers; however, only 55% of new teachers report of participating in an induction program. The author’s perspective is that induction programs are essential for beginning teachers because it gives teachers the opportunity to ask for help or advice to make them become a better instructor.
Reflection
New teachers have a variety of needs that induction programs can support. Some teacher candidates go alternate routes to teaching and others go through universities to become qualified for teaching. Some teachers may teach in an environment that they are not accustomed to. Each of these categories of teachers has different needs that can be addressed with the help of induction programs. Induction programs help teachers build relationships with other teachers so they will not feel isolated and so they can learn from more experienced teachers. Induction programs also help to identify teachers who are not qualified to teach or who may benefit from another career choice. Another implication is that induction programs not only help teachers survive, but they also help build teacher confidence and give them effective practices that they can use throughout their career. I believe that teachers should have a variety of programs to choose from to meet their teaching style. I think induction programs might be effective to all teachers, but it depends on the teacher’s participation in the induction programs whether they will be successful. I agree that induction programs should be offered for all beginning teachers in every school because it gives teachers an opportunity to understand they key points of teaching and to thrive in a new environment.
Application
Induction programs can benefit students, schools, and districts. They can benefit students by developing teachers who can accommodate students. Schools and districts are benefited by having better teacher retention and higher quality teachers. I will use the knowledge gained from induction programs so I can be an effective teacher to my students, build relationships with other teachers, and make sure I help other new teachers along the way. I will be open minded to induction programs and be willing to take advice from experienced teachers and administrators. Teachers should have induction programs for successful careers so they can help their students reach beyond their goals and establish a diverse learning environment.
References
Bartell, C. (2004). Cultivating high-quality teaching through induction and mentoring. Corwin
Press, 1-19.
,
7th Edition
Student Paper Setup Guide
This guide will help you set up an APA Style student paper. The basic setup directions apply to the entire paper. Annotated diagrams illustrate how to set up the major sections of a student paper: the title page or cover page, the text, tables and figures, and the reference list.
Basic Setup Seventh edition APA Style was designed with modern word-processing programs in mind. Most default settings in programs such as Academic Writer, Microsoft Word, and Google Docs already comply with APA Style. However, you may need to make a few adjustments before you begin writing.
• Margins: Use 1-in. margins on all sides of the page (top, bottom, left, and right). • Font: Use a legible font. Many fonts are acceptable, including 11-point Calibri, 11-point Arial, 12-
point Times New Roman, and 11-point Georgia. The default font of your word-processing program is acceptable.
• Line spacing: Use double-spacing for the entire paper (including block quotations and the reference list). Do not add blank lines before or after headings. Do not add extra spacing between paragraphs.
• Paragraph alignment and indentation: Align paragraphs of text to the left margin. Leave the right margin ragged. Do not use full justification. Indent the first line of every paragraph of text 0.5 in. using the tab key or the paragraph-formatting function of your word-processing program.
• Page numbers: Put a page number in the top right corner of every page, including the title page or cover page, which is page 1. Student papers do not require a running head on any page.
Title Page Setup
Title Page Elements
• The affiliation consists of the department of the course and the name of the university.
• Write the course number and name and instructor name as shown on course materials.
• Use the date format used in your country for the assignment due date.
• Page number 1 appears in the top right of the page in the page header.
• No running heads are required for student papers.
Title Page Line Spacing
Title Page Alignment
Title Page Font
Text Setup
Text Elements
• Repeat the paper title at the top of the first page of text.
• Begin with an introduction to provide background and context.
• Use descriptive headings to identify other sections (e.g., Method, Results, Discussion for quantitative research papers).
• Sections and headings vary depending on paper type and complexity.
• Text can include tables and figures, block quotations, headings, and footnotes.
Text Line Spacing Double-space all text, including
• headings and section labels • paragraphs of text • block quotes
Text Alignment
Block Quotation Alignment
Text Font
• Use the same font throughout the entire paper.
• Write body text in standard (nonbold, nonitalic) font.
• Use italics sparingly, for instance, to highlight a key term on first use (see C oncise Guide to APA Style Section 4.15).
Headings Format Level Format
1
Centered, Bold, Title Case Heading
Text begins as a new paragraph.
2
Flush left, Bold, Title Case Heading
Text begins as a new paragraph.
3
Flush Left, Bold Italic, Title Case Heading
Text begins as a new paragraph.
4
Indented, Bold, Title Case Heading, Ending With a Period. Text
begins on the same line and continues as a regular paragraph.
5 Indented, Bold Italic, Title Case Heading, Ending With a Period. Text
begins on the same line and continues as a regular paragraph.
• Alignment: Center Level 1 headings. Left-align Level 2 and Level 3 headings. Indent Level 4 and Level 5 headings like a paragraph.
• Font: Boldface all headings. Also italicize Level 3 and Level 5 headings. • Tip: Create heading styles using your word-processing program (built into Academic
Writer, available for Word via sample papers on the APA Style website).
Tables and Figures Setup
• Only some papers have tables and figures.
• Tables and figures share the same elements.
Table Elements
Figure Elements
Table Line Spacing
Figure Line Spacing
Table Alignment
Figure Alignment
Table Font
Figure Font
Placement of Tables and Figures
You can embed tables and figures in the body of the paper.
This guide shows options for placement. If your instructor requires tables and figures to be placed at the end of the paper, see examples in the Publication Manual and in the professional sample paper on the APA Style website.
• Embed tables and figures in the text.
• Call out (mention) the table or figure in the text before embedding it.
• Place the table or figure after the callout
o at the bottom of the page
o at the top of the next page
o by itself on the next page
• Avoid placing tables and figures in the middle of the page.
Embedding at the Bottom of the Page
Embedding at the Top of the Page
Embedding on Its Own Page
• Embed long tables or large figures on their own page if needed.
• Text continues on the next page.
Reference List Setup
Reference List Elements
• View reference examples on the APA Style website
• Consult Chapter 10 for even more examples.
Reference List Line Spacing
Reference List Alignment
Reference List Font
Final Checks Check Page Order • Start each section on a new page.
• Arrange pages in the following order:
o Title page (page 1)
o Text (starts on page 2)
o Reference list (starts on a new page after the text)
Check Headings • Check that headings accurately reflect the content in each section.
• Start each main section with a Level 1 heading.
• Use Level 2 headings for subsections of the introduction.
• Use the same level of heading for sections of equal importance.
• Avoid having only one subsection within a section (have two or more, or none).
Check Assignment Instructions • Instructors’ guidelines supersede APA Style.
• Students should check their assignment guidelines or rubric for specific content to include in their papers and to make sure they are meeting assignment requirements.
Tips for Better Writing • Ask for feedback on your paper from a classmate, writing center tutor, or instructor.
• Budget time to implement suggestions.
• Use spell-check and grammar-check to identify potential errors.
• Proofread the paper by reading it slowly and carefully aloud to yourself.
• Consult your university writing center if you need extra help.
More information on student papers can be found in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.) and in the Concise Guide to APA Style (7th ed.).
SOURCE: American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
Last updated 10/21/2020
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